Oil-burning brick-kiln.



nnw 0 g 1 ml 1 mm P A D T N E T A P H T U 0 s R mm 2 v m0 1 8 Am N OIL BURNING BRICK KILN.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 10, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

PATENTED APR. 17, 1.906.

Pu. SOUTH. OI L BURNING BRICK KILN.

APPLIUATIOIT FILED AUG. 10, 1905.

. s SHBETS SHEET 2.

PATENTED APR. 17, 1906.

R. SOUTH.

OIL BURNING BRICK KILN.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 10, 1905.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

JF Z'VeW/W' NITED STATER PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD SOUTH, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO MORRIS MARKS, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

OIL-BURNING BRICK-"MILW- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 17, 1906.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD SOUTH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles, State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil-Burning Brick- Kilns, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon.

This invention relates to kilns for burning brick, pottery, and similar articles, and has for its principal object to provide a kiln of the continuous type in which liquid hydrocarbon is employed as fuel.

A further object of the invention is to provide a kiln in which the hot products of combustion may be directed into the kiln in such manner as to insure uniform burning of the entire mass, avoiding the loss which naturally occurs where the temperature is uneven, especially where the mass of brick falls from irregular contraction at or near the base or floor of the kiln.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a kiln in which the oil is injected by a jet of steam or similar fluid into a preliminary combustion chamber or retort and transformed into gas in advance of its entrance into the kiln.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a kiln in which the principal portion of the combustion occurs 1n advance of the entrance of the products of combustion into the kiln, so that the flame does not come into direct contact with the bricks.

A still further object of the invention is to so arrange the kiln, the combustion-chamber, and the several flues as to thoroughly and effectively control the passage of the heat into and from the various parts of the kiln.

With these and other objects in view, as will more fully hereinafter appear, the invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that various changes in the form and proportions of parts may be made without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of two kilns arranged and constructed in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of one of the kilns and a portion of an adjacent kiln. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a similar view on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2; and Fig. 5 is a plan view, partly in section, on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1.

Similar numerals of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures of the drawmgs.

The kiln forming the subject of the present invention is of the continuous type in which a series of kilns is so arranged that the products of combustion from one will pass to the others to drive off the water-vapor preliminary to the actual burning operation and to afterward assist in the burning.

In carrying out the invention the kilns or ovens are arranged in two parallel series separated by a horizontal flue 11, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 4, and at a point about midway the length of this flue is a chimney or stack 12 of any suitable height. The kilns or ovens 10 have transverselyarched roofs and are separated from each other by vertical walls 15, in the lower portion of which are arranged transverse passages 16 for placing the ovens in communication with each other. In the upper portion of each of the partitions or walls is arranged a longitudinal combustion chamber or retort vaporizer 17, that communicates with the upper portions of the ovens through horizontally-arranged fiues 18, having suitable valves or dampers 19, and

said combustion-chamber also communicates with the klins or ovens through vertical lines 20, which open into the kilns at points about midway of the height of the latter. These flues 20 are also provided with valves or dampers 21 for controlling the passage of the gas and vapors.

At the top of the structure are rows of brackets 24, which serve as supports for valved oil-pipes 25 and valved steam-pipes 26, the pipes being disposed in pairs above each combustion chamber. Leading from these pipes are vertical branches 2'7 28, connected to an injector-burner 29, that is disposed in the upper portion of the combustion-chamber and is arranged to direct a downward jet of mingled steam and oil. These burners and pipes may be of any de sired number and are arranged in vertical passages 30, through which air is drawn to bricks in the kiln. In carrying out the pressupport combustion.

Under each of the kilns is a tunnel or flue 32, Opening at one end into the main flue 11 and at the opposite end havin an opening leading into the kiln at a point farthest from the flues through which the products of combustion enter the kiln, and this opening may be closed at will by means of a valve or damper 33.

In operating the kilns are filled with green bricks, a much larger quantity being introduced than usual, and the kilns being packed until only a narrow space is left at the top and sides of the mass of brick and the wall of the kiln. Steam and oil are then forced in through the burners of the first oven and soon heats the combustion-chamber until the latter acts as a vaporizer, the mingled oil and steam forming a gas which produces a very high heat. This gas mingles with the air entering through the passages 20 and escapes through the flues 18 and 20, active combustion ceasing before the gases reach the ends of the fines, so that only the highly-heated products of combustion will enter the kiln and the bricks will not be injured by direct contact with the flame. The tunnel-passage being open, the water-vapor from the green bricks passes off to the stack, and when the bricks have dried to a suflicient extent the tunnel-opening is closed and the gases pass through the openings 16 to the lower portion of the next kiln.

In kilns of this general type it is found inadvisable to heat the bottom of the mass of brick to a higher temperature than the remaining portion, and if this is done or if heat is applied to the lower portion only of the kiln the lowermost bricks are injured and rendered useless. These lower bricks, moreover, in contracting will cause the mass of bricks to topple and fall, wasting all of the cut invention the lower openings 16v permit the passage of heat to the lower portions of the kilns, while the valved flues '18 and 20 permit the control of the gases passing to the upper portion of the kiln, so that all parts of the kiln may be heated to a uniform temper ature and the gradual and even drying and burning of the bricks will result. l

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a plurality of kilns, of partitions separating the kilns, combustion-spaces in said partitions, escape-flues leading from the combustion-space of each partition to the kilns on both sides of said partition, and a lower flue arranged in the' partition for placing adjacent kilns in communication with each other.

2. The combination with a kiln, of a cornbustion-chamber, forming a vaporizer, and a plurality of valved flues leading from the chamber to difierent points in the kiln.

3. The combination with a .kiln, of a combustion-chamber arranged in the upper portion of the wall of the kiln, and fluesleading from said chamber, the flues opening into the kiln at different heights respectively.

4. In combination, a series of kilns, vertical partitions separating said kilns, and provided with transverse passa es at their. bases, a combustion-chamber in t e upper portion of each partition, injector burners leading into said chamber, and vertical and horizontal flues leading from the chamber to the kilns on each side thereof.

In testimony whereof I afflx my signature in presence of two witnesses.

RICHARD SOUTH. l/Vitnesses H. V. WEISEL, JOSHUA H. MARKS. 

